Thebrain 11 crack professional#

Thebrain 11 crack professional#

They were all receiving standard treatment provided by the hospital, consisting of psychosocial approaches-conducted by a professional team of psychologists, nurses, social workers and physicians. Ten patients, fitting both the ICD-10 equivalent and DSM-V criteria for Crack-Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) and twelve patients, fitting both ICD-10 equivalent and DSM-V criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD), of both genders, were recruited between October 2017 and June 2018 from a public hospital specialized in drug dependence treatment in EspГrito Santo State, Brazil.

Material and Methods SubjectsДЄll subjects were informed about the purposes of the experiment by the principal investigator and signed a written consent before entering the study. This brain region is primarily responsible for several human cognitive abilities-such as planning, working memory and inhibitory behavior, which can be briefly measured through cognitive tests such as the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) ( 6).ДЄlthough several previous studies have correlated BDNF levels to psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders, this preliminary study is the first to evaluate the BDNF mRNA expression in lymphocytes and its relationship to FAB scores in alcohol and crack-cocaine use disorder patients. These neuroplastic modifications in reward circuits promoted by long-term drug abuse were shown to affect the prefrontal cortex functions ( 5). Furthermore, BDNF levels in peripheral blood were shown to be correlated to central nervous system concentrations in alcoholic patients ( 4). It has been demonstrated that BDNF plays a major role in neuroplastic modifications associated to drug abuse, being involved in various behavioral changes found in drug use disorders, such as drug sensitization, craving and relapses. Once phosphorylated, these proteins activate the transcription of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which promotes structural changes in neuronal circuits ( 2, 3). These addictive substances promote the phosphorylation of transcription regulatory proteins, such as cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) and methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). One of its hallmarks is the maintenance of the drug seeking behavior despite negative consequences, leading to high rates of relapses throughout an individual's life span ( 1). The use of substances with addictive properties has been associated with various cognitive, behavioral and physiological dysfunctions. This preliminary study evaluates, for the first time, BDNF mRNA expression in leukocytes and its relationship to FAB scores in crack-cocaine and alcohol use disorder patients. BDNF mRNA expression was found to be higher by 2.25-fold in CUD patients and by 2-fold in the AUD patients when normalized to controls, and these values were found to be associated with FAB scores. In this study we investigated the BDNF mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of crack-cocaine use disorder (CUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients, after drug detoxification treatment, using a real-time PCR approach and examining its association to FAB performance. These neuroplastic changes were shown to affect the prefrontal cortex functions, which can be briefly measured through cognitive tests such as the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin recognized to play a major role in neuroplastic modifications associated to drug abuse, being involved in various behavioral changes found in drug use disorders, such as drug sensitization, craving and relapses. 2Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Psychopharmacology, Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of EspГrito Santo, VitГіria, Brazil.1Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of EspГrito Santo, VitГіria, Brazil.QuГ©zia Silva Anders 1, Leonardo Villaverde Buback Ferreira 1, Livia Carla de Melo Rodrigues 2 and Ester Miyuki Nakamura-Palacios 1*